Chapter 9: The World of Islam Widespread and united afro-euro Asia. Islam emerged from the margins of Mediterranean and middle eastern civilizations and this began a religious finding. It started to spread across the Arabian peninsula. Allah is their one god. The Quran "the remembrance of God" was effectively summarized as a set of five requirements or pillars of Islam. by the time of Muhammad's death, the united a lot of the peninsula. He became known as Mecca. Men saw women as inferior and subordinate, men had authority over women. All of the property women-owned halves of it went towards their male counterparts.

Chapter 8: China and the World China will be the next superpower that had a major boom after the grand canal was made. Women in China were very different then what it used to be elite women have bound their homes and bound to their husbands by the process of footbinding. The women were free than those women as they were not bound to their homes. During this golden age of China, there was a rebirth of Confucianism and they used this to restore order in China. China continued to grow and flourish their empire they claimed many different countries like Korea and Japan but not Vietnam. Vietnam wanted to be apart of the Roman empire. China had a huge economic growth in the tang and song dynasties. China was the major superpower that they hoped to be and they benefited immensely from economic trade with having the silk road and sea road help with trade. China also saw a widespread of a new religion, Buddhism. The golden age of China saw a lot of growth and became the superpower of the world at the time and was far more advanced than any other civilization at this point in time. The spread of Buddhism from India to China was huge and it covered many vast regions in China. The Chinese made Buddhism a part of Chinese culture and changed it from what it originally was to something more understandable under their rule.

Chapter 7 Part 3: An Age of Accelerating Connections; Commerce and Culture Swahili civilization and a string of thirty or more city-states appeared along the coast of East Africa. The west African civilization began from trade across the Sahara the kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhay helped kick-start this. East and Southeast Asia also became civilizations as a result of trade. Across all of the civilizations starting and flourishing so was Islam it was the most expansive and was widely influential. Trade and the trade networks, the most known and most active was the Silk Roads, it was a trade network that merchants would travel along. On the Silk Roads, Silk was the most sold product on this route. This large land route linked pastoral and agricultural people to others all along the continent. Culture and religion were also practiced and passed. Buddism saw a widespread of widely through Central and East Asia. Diseases in transit also lead to bringing dangerous viruses into cities with little immunity as they have never interacted with these foreigners. The next road discussed is the Sea road which travels across the Pacific down into the Indian ocean and connects Africa, Arabia, Persia, India, and China. The products that traveled along this road were ceramics, ivory precious metals, and skins from animals. With the sea road, the progression of language in southeast Asia and they began to develop an alphabet. Hinduism and Buddhism were spread along this route of trade. Sand roads started trade across the Sahara. Gold salt and slaves were traded across this route.

Intro to part two and Chapter 3: Second wave Civilization in World History; State and Empire In Eurasia/ North Africa During 500 BCE- 500 CE civilizations such as the Persians, Greeks, Romans, and Chinese are at the start of growth and development. The Persian empire was one of the biggest empires compared to those of the Romans, Greeks and Chinses empires. Their rule was emphasized as Monarchs. There was conflict with Persians and Greeks due to greeks wanting expansion of their culture. This led to the Greco-Persian war in the results of Greek victory. The Romans and Chinese are compared empires both spread major ideas of religion and practiced other cultural ideals. With this growth also came failure later in the years. Fall of the empires.

Blog #3: Chapter 2 (First Civilizations) The introduction to new civilizations such as the Sumerian, Egyptian, Olmec, Nubia and many more. From the beginning of 3500 by 500 B.C.E may new civilizations took part in which they originated from the agricultural revolutions. As well as urban revolutions took part in architectural development. As civilizations started to build the form of social status start to become a question in equality. Ways that the rich are higher in class and the poor are lower classmen. The wealthy had no worries just power and money as in the poor they participated in physical labor and were almost seen as slaves. Gender also started to take a role in civilizations in which just civil cities started to practice the idea of patriarchy. That explains that women must operate under the power of their husbands. Women started to be seen as less powerful. For example, goddesses were being replaced or viewed as gods. Like any form of civilizations, the forms start to rise into a form of government that began with the royal crowning over kings. As governments forms learning and development became a new way to communicate and keep track of important information. I have learned in my freshmen seminar that the Sumerian used such writing for accounting in trade and these writing were performed on clay. Such trading also helped spread language and beliefs through rivers but also created conflict with other travelers. The fascinating area that the development of a society or civilization also develops a way of government and functions.

Blog #2: Chapter 1 (First Farmers) Section- Breakthroughs to Agriculture to the end of Chapter. The start of a new era, the Neolithic era also known as the New Stone age in which the development of evolution, new tools, agriculture, domestication and many more civilized standards of living. The ability to observe and learn to spread the knowledge to evolve, to find new ways of cultivating faster by using resources. These resources were seen as advantages due to geographical location. For example, a society that lived in the artic wouldn't be able to plant or domesticate lots of animals due to location so they have to find a new way to live off the land or water. Many societies developed different ways of control which I think are unique and interesting because some societies believed that someone, something or no one should be superior to the rest. Some worshipped women as having greater power, others believed in equality and well some followed a spiritual route of understanding such as many of us due today. Settlements started to form because of this new era of being able to plant your resources in the same area without travel. With the belief of power, chiefdoms were formed as well as different villages. Many new beliefs and control but in unity. This era shows the power of new ideas and the spread of new information without such technology as today.

Blog #1: Prologue, Intro to Part One, Chapter 1 (First Peoples) Section- Out of Africa and The Ways We Were. The introduction to the creation of the universe began with the big bang approximately 13.7 billion years ago, as depicted by the cosmic calendar, which as noticed began the same day as the first day of every year January 1st. As billions of years went by the creation of new systems, way of life, beliefs, and species has helped build the knowledge of the past and the present such as dark matter and civilizations history. How change can be compared to make connections in the present life. The start of part one explains the beginning in which humanity came into one and in my opinion, shows the way of development in which our ancestors demonstrate changes as being fearless and determined. Such as the first migrations which were out of Africa not knowing fear as a danger but as a way to make a better living and discover. From migrating to arrive on lands such known today as Eurasia, Australia, the Americas, and the Pacific without any form of transportation or shelter but their senses and knowledge. The way that as a natural sense it is better to be in groups than alone, forming societies. To know how to work together to keep food stable for all, gathering and hunting were best for the Paleolithic era that allowed such developed people at the time to function properly. This significance of the Paleolithic era demonstrates our own connections to the past and knowledge of planet earth and space as one.